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A pioneering history of the Eastern slave trade
In this groundbreaking work intended as a companion volume to The Black Diaspora, Ronald Segal tells the fascinating and horrifying story of the Islamic slave trade. Documenting a centuries-old institution that still survives today, Islam's Black Slaves outlines the differences between the trades in the East and West. Slaves in Islam, for example, were kept mainly in the service sector as cooks, porters, soldiers, and concubines, and while the Atlantic trade valued men over women, the Eastern trade preferred women, in numbers as high as two to one. Tracing slavery through history, from Islam's inception in the seventh century, across China, India, Iran, Turkey, Egypt, Libya, Spain, and the Sudan and Morocco, which still have active markets, Segal reveals for the first time the extent of the trade and the sheer number of slaves-as many as twelve million-bought and sold in the course of the subsequent centuries. In an illuminating conclusion, Segal addresses the popularity of Islam in African American communities. Islam's Black Slaves is a pioneering account of this often unacknowledged tradition and a riveting cross-cultural commentary.
- Sales Rank: #184249 in Books
- Published on: 2001-03-07
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 1.03" h x 6.30" w x 9.31" l,
- Binding: Hardcover
- 480 pages
From Publishers Weekly
Designed as a companion volume to Segal's The Black Diaspora, which traced the movements of blacks in the Western Hemisphere from the Atlantic slave trade to the present, this book undertakes the formidable task of recounting the dispersion of black Africans in Asia and the Middle East, most of which was forced by the Islamic slave trade. "In Islam, slavery was never the moral, political, and economic issue that it was in the West, so there are fewer sources about its history," notes Segal, the founding editor of the Penguin African Library and the author of 14 other books. Still, he pieces together a compelling drama of conquests and conversions, beginning with an illuminating chapter about the differences between the Atlantic and Islamic trades: the Islamic trade began some eight centuries before the Atlantic one, and preferred women slaves over men. His account then moves from early Islam, when laws did not subject slaves to any special racial discrimination, into the 19th century, when the process of enslaving blacks came to involve violence and brutality on a gigantic scale. Segal also discusses the extension of the Islamic trade into China, India and Spain, the role of the Ottoman Empire, slavery in Iran and Libya, and the effect of European colonization, which he argues "preserved the force if not the face of old subjugations." A preliminary dig in a little-explored area, this book has a rough-hewn quality about it; scholars may find it too general, even if it provides seeds for further study. General readers, however, will find much that is new, particularly in the early chapters, where Segal trains his eye on the part slaves played in the development of the high civilization attained by imperial Islam.
Copyright 2001 Cahners Business Information, Inc.
From Library Journal
Segal (The Black Diaspora: Five Centureis of the Black Experience Outside Africa), founding editor of the Penguin African Library, has written an overview of black slavery in the Islamic world from its beginnings to modern Sudan and Morocco. Relying primarily on secondary sources, the author explores Islamic slavery in China, India, the Middle East, and Africa and focuses on the differences between Islamic and Western slavery. He notes that while most slaves in the Americas were male and worked as agricultural laborers, in Islam female black slaves outnumbered males, and most slaves worked as servants. Segal concludes his study with an interesting epilog on the Black Muslim faith in the United States. Though it breaks little new ground, this book is an essential survey that serves as a helpful introduction to the topic. Recommended for public and academic libraries.DA.O. Edmonds, Ball State Univ., Muncie, IN
Copyright 2001 Reed Business Information, Inc.
From Booklist
Segal, founding editor of the Penguin African Library, has written a companion volume to his acclaimed history, The Black Diaspora (1995). Here he tells the less familiar story of the Islamic slave trade in Africa, which involved an estimated 12 million captives over more than 1,000 years. Drawing on eyewitness accounts and scholarly sources, he shows that there were marked differences between the Atlantic slave trade and that of Islam. In general, the Islamic one was less racist and brutal; the trade was more in women and boys than in men; some slaves could buy their freedom and even hold powerful positions. The horror is more in the accounts of capture and the journeys across the Sahara and to the coast: in some cases, the estimate is that for every slave sold at auction, 10 died on the way. And slavery continues today in the Sudan and Mauritania. The strength of this account is the meticulous documentation of what is fact and what is surmise. The dramatic narrative is sure to spark discussion and further research. Hazel Rochman
Copyright © American Library Association. All rights reserved
Most helpful customer reviews
0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
Scandalous Hypocrisy
By fastidious one
No one can defend or debate Arab or Islamic "black" slavery. The fact is: slavery of Africans, Indo-Asians, Slavic and Russians still continues today throughout the world (including Israel).
There are also very disturbing and hidden realities regarding Jewish history and slavery - which is appalling and hypocritically reprehensible - of which, Ronald Segal obviously circumvents. In fact, Jewish scholarly arrogance and self-incrimination revealed and exposed Jewish involvement and DOMINANCE within the Transatlantic Slave trade... So much so, there have been a few blundering attempts to refute it.
Monotheistic religion (Islam, Christianity, Judaism) are indeed examples of self-serving religions at the epicenter of the most atrocious human rights violations and destructive wars ever perpetrated. Religion and politics are often inseparable, so the two work as a centrifuge feeding, controlling and pacifying the people in a *tug of war* display of competition greatness.
Hypocritical accounts and criticisms of another's slavery is terrifying and hardly credible (including that belonging among Africans).
Europeans certainly enslaved and sold other Europeans, Asians did likewise, and American indigenous peoples were also entangled within the illicit proliferation of human trafficking and slavery. Slavery, although outlawed globally - sex, labor, and organ donors - remains alive and well in the 21st century.
29 of 32 people found the following review helpful.
Not the best account
By Sebastian Lopez
I did not enjoy the book as much as i perceived i would. Ronald Segal seems to adopt a completley diffrent line of thinking when tackling slavery in the islamic world as he does for the West.
There is an endless stream of sources to reflect the evil nature of this trade that orginated in the East thousands of years ago, to be legitimised under islam in the seventh century and continued to this very day. Ronald is constantly looking for ways to basically say,' the christian west was much more cruel than the Islamic East'. I cant help but feel that Ronald has been swept along by the wave of apologetic, liberal, modern historians.
It must be remmberd that America went to war over the slave trade, something that has never happened in an Islamic country. Colonisation forced the abolition of the slave trade in the islamic world.
If you want to see a fair reflection of the nature of Islamic African slave trading, you can look at Sudan where it is there for all to see.
Slave trading is a despiciable business at any time, by anyone.
Lastly, Ronald Segal points out early on in the book, how spain was conquered by the Muslims in 711. He states that the Vandals occupied Spain at that time. The vandals, however where in North Africa, not Spain. Spain was a Visigoth Kingdom at the time of the Muslim invasion.
19 of 21 people found the following review helpful.
Important But Ultimately Unsatisfying
By A Customer
Segal has done an impressive job of marshalling important and relatively unknown facts about the eastern slave trade. Unfortunately, he never seems to go anywhere with these facts, or suggest what we are to make of them.
The facts are that Islamic Arabs and Africans ran a significant slave trade for many centuries throughout the Mediterranean, North and East Africa, Arabia, the Middle East, and Northern India. Muslim masters possibly treated their slaves "better" on average than American or other Western colonial masters did, although this seems to have had less to do with religion than with the purposes for which slaves were employed -- as domestics, soldiers and business assistants in the Islamic world, as opposed to agricultural laborers in the West. The process of enslavement was just as cruel, however, whether the destination was the Eastern slave markets or the Atlantic trade. Islam accepted slavery as a fact of life for conquered non-believers (ignoring the fact that many of those enslaved were in fact Muslims) and therefore perhaps had less need than the Christian West to invent a demeaning racist mythology to justify continuing slavery. (As the title indicates, Segal is interested in *black* slaves, and therefore largely ignores the substantial number of Eastern European and Middle Asiatic slaves who were "employed" in the Ottoman and some other Muslim states.) Neverthless, racism did eventually enter the Islamic world, with effects (and slavery) that can still be seen today in places like Sudan and Mauritania.
What should we learn from these facts? The book's title suggests that it is in some way a commentary on Islam, but that point is never really developed in the text. In early chapters, Segal suggests that slavery in the Islamic world was less racially charged than in the West -- but a great deal of his book, particularly the later chapters addressing the contemporary situation in Sudan and Mauritania, contradicts that view. The history of Islamic African and Arab slavery undoubtedly explains a great deal about contemporary issues in Africa and the Middle East, yet the book is too short to really draw out these connections. As others have noted, the final chapter on America's black Muslim movement seems to have little connection with the rest of the book, other than to point out that the Nation of Islam's racist attitude toward whites is incompatible with the Koran (as, of course, is Arab racism toward blacks, and just as white racism is incompatible with Christian doctrine). In sum, lots of information, but little meaningful analysis.
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